Etude Phytochimique et Evaluation des Activités anti-Oxydante, Anti-inflammatoire et Antifalcemiante des extraits de Rhizomes de Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridl.) K. Schum (Zingiberaceae).

Résumé

Oral diseases are a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon, where socioeconomic barriers and limited access to modern dental care affect thousands. In urban areas like Douala, self-medication and traditional remedies dominate, with 70-80% of the population relying on ethnobotanical knowledge for primary healthcare. Prior studies in rural Cameroon have documented over 30 to 289 plant species for oral affections, highlighting analgesic and antimicrobial properties, but such studies have not been carried out in urban coastal settings like Douala. This study was aimed at identifying the plants used to treat oral diseases and provide a scientific backing to the use of these plants. We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study from May to November 2025 in Douala, Cameroon. For the ethnobotanical surveys, we used semi-structured interview forms with healers in major markets (Marché Central, Mboppi, Nkoloulou) and workplaces. Laboratory analyses were carried out on prioritized plant species. We studied their physicochemical properties, pharmacognostic profile and phytochemical screening. Descriptive data analysis was used. The sex ratio of our informants was 0.54% to 0.46 in favour or males. The mean age was 43.5 years, while 56% had reached secondary education. We identified 78 species across 38 families, led by Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The most cited were A. oleracea (50), S. aromaticum (30), N. tabacum (20).The predominant means of preparation was decoction (42.86%); while the main means of administration was as mouthwash (61.04%). The most used parts were the leaves (49.35%). Gingivitis (41.55%) was the primary pathology. We identified distinct pharmacognostic traits consistent with findings in literature. Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, sterols/steroids/terpenes, resins (+) in all; coumarins (+) only in M. arvensis; saponins (+) in A. oleracea and M. arvensis. This study validates urban Cameroonian ethnobotanical practices for oral health, revealing bioactive-rich plants with potential antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory effects. Findings support evidence-based integration into healthcare, urging further in vitro activity, toxicity, and sustainable development research to address gaps and enhance primary care.