Usages, perceptions et enjeux sanitaires liés à l’utilisation de Moringa oleifera Lam. dans le quartier Salongo (Lemba, Kinshasa, République démocratique du Congo)

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the uses, perceptions, and health-related issues associated with the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. among residents of the Salongo neighborhood, with the objective of improving understanding of the plant's sociocultural importance and assessing its potential public health risks. A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was conducted using direct field observations, complemented by a structured questionnaire survey and documentary review. Purposive sampling was employed to specifically target households with at least one Moringa oleifera tree on their premises. A standardized structured questionnaire was administered to 164 households and data were collected electronically using the KoboCollect application. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 2016 software. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted at a significance level of p < 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals. The findings showed that the plant was mainly consumed in the form of fresh leaves (53%). It was primarily perceived as a medicinal plant (57%), while promotion of lactation (34.9%) was the most frequently reported health benefit. Its use was predominantly intended for the treatment of various ailments (62%). Respondents with a positive perception of the plant's health benefits were 19.79 times more likely to use it frequently than those with a negative perception (adjusted OR = 19.79; 95% CI: 3.18–123.28; p = 0.001). Furthermore, the majority of respondents (71%) were unaware of the potential health risks associated with consuming Moringa oleifera without medical advice. The study concludes that Moringa oleifera plays an important sociocultural and nutritional role in the study area; however, its use should be supported by appropriate public health guidance. Further technological and safety analyses are recommended.