Influence des précédents culturaux à Chromolaena odorata, Imperata cylindrica et Pennisetum purpureum sur les performances agronomiques de deux variétés améliorées d’arachide (Arachis hypogaea L. : JL 24 et ICG V-SM-95525) dans l’interland de Gemena, Sud-

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in the eastern part of the city of Gemena, specifically in the Saza neighborhood of the Lac Ndumba Commune, to determine which category of plants serves as the best preceding crop for peanuts, leading to satisfactory yields. To achieve this, an experimental method using a factorial split-plot design with six treatments (derived from different combinations of preceding crop types and peanut varieties) was applied. The collected data revealed that, with the two peanut varieties (JL 24 and ICG V-SM-95525) tested, the average yields (in dry pods) obtained on C. odorata fields (1 993.4 kg/ha) were significantly higher than those from other preceding crops, namely P. purpureum (1 052.55 kg/ha) and I. cylindrica (1 040.8 kg/ha). Regarding the performance of each variety in relation to the preceding crop type: The ICG V-SM-95525 variety yielded higher than JL 24 on C. odorata fields (1997.9 kg/ha > 1788.8 kg/ha) and on I. cylindrica fields (1066.8 kg/ha > 1014.8 kg/ha). The opposite was observed for P. purpureum, where JL 24 significantly outperformed ICG V-SM-95525 (1167.7 kg/ha > 938.4 kg/ha). From these findings, only the yields obtained on C. odorata fields fell within the range of results previously reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo for the same varieties (ICG and JL24), where average yields typically range between 1 200 and 4 000 kg/ha (shelled). Finally, the two varieties—ICGV-SM-95525 and JL24—performed similarly, though JL24 was slightly more sensitive to changes in preceding crops. All else being equal, C. odorata is recommended to ameliorate vegetative cover as the preceding crop for peanut in the study's zone.