Analyse phytochimique et évaluation des propriétés biologiques des extraits de noix de Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae).

Abstract

Sickle cell disease is a hereditary genetic disorder caused by a mutation affecting the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of an abnormal hemoglobin known as sickle hemoglobin (HbS). The aim of this study was to chemically and biologically investigate the endosperm and kernel extracts of Cocos nucifera in order to contribute to the valorization of this plant widely used in African traditional medicine. Histological elements were identified through powder micrography, while secondary metabolites were characterized using conventional phytochemical screening based on coloration reactions and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antisickling activity was assessed using the Emmel test, whereas antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hemolytic activities were evaluated by UV–Visible spectrophotometry. The results showed that the endosperm and kernel of C. nucifera contain distinctive histological features, providing a reliable basis for the identification and authentication of this species and helping to prevent adulteration. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, and tannins. In vitro assays demonstrated that C. nucifera extracts possess antisickling, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the extracts were found to be non-toxic under the experimental conditions employed. These findings confirm the therapeutic potential of this plant, which is extensively used in African traditional medicine, and support some of its traditional medicinal applications.